Mr. Chauncey’s History Classes

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• 1    Erin // Dec 12, 2006 at 4:10 pm

  BOSTON MASSACRE Annotated Bibliography
  Bigelow, Barbara, and Linda Schmittroth. American Revolution Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2000.
  This source was not very informative. However, it gave information about the Boston newsletters and their negative comments about the British. The publisher of the Boston Gazette printed letters about the redcoats. Albert Martin did the same as the Boston Gazette and also printed negative things about the British soldiers. This was not a very helpful source to use while researching the Boston Massacre.

  Gilje, Paul A. Encyclopedia of American History. New York: Facts On File, 2003.
  This was a very helpful source for research on the Boston Massacre. However, it gave information mainly on the event itself and not on the background of the event. There is some information of how John Adams and Josiah Quincy defended 6 soldiers including Captain Thomas Preston in court. This encyclopedia gave a very informative story of one point of view during the Boston Massacre. It stated that a boy was insulting a soldier of the 29th regiment. The soldier hit the boy with his musket. Soon after, the church bells rang and an angry mob gathered in the street. This source also included Samuel Adams and how he used the massacre as anti-British propaganda. One of these items of propaganda was Paul Revere’s painting of the event. It showed the colonists’ point of view. The painting shows the British soldiers shooting freely at the mob of colonists.

  Santella, Andrew. The Boston Massacre. New York: Children’s, 2004.
  This was an extremely helpful source. It included many specific names of major people involved in the Boston Massacre such as British Soldiers, colonists, and witnesses. It includes information about the cause of the event and the outcome. It is a great source to use because it gives background information on many people such as Samuel and John Adams. However, this book has a slightly different story of how the Boston Massacre started than the other sources I used. It states that on March 2, 1770, the British soldier Patrick Walker was looking for a job. The rope maker he was talking to insulted him. Then Walker insulted the rope maker back. The soldier and the rope maker fought in the street. Soon after, others joined in on the brawl. By the next morning, people disagreed who’s fault the fight was. By March 5, 1770, the colonists and the British soldiers were ready to fight. This was an incredibly helpful source when I was researching the Boston Massacre.

  Williams, Crystal. “Boston Massacre.” American History Online. 2003. Facts On File. 30 Nov. 2006 .
  This source was not very detailed, but it still gave some good information on the event of the Boston Massacre. It was very similar to the Encyclopedia of American History. However, it was a more vague description, so it was not as helpful. This source did give information that was not mentioned in any of the other sources I used. This article stated that Castle Williams was built on Boston Harbor for housing British troops. Governor Francis Bernard wanted to house the soldiers in the colonists’ homes, but it was not allowed. Since Bernard refused to house the troops in Castle Williams, the council forced him to buy empty buildings for the troops. This online source also gave information about the British soldiers’ trial and how Samuel Adams used the event as propaganda for the independence of the colonies.

• 2    Gabby // Dec 12, 2006 at 6:43 pm

  BOSTON MASSACRE Works Cited

  Arnold, James R., and Roberta Wiener. The Revolutionary War: The Road to Rebellion. Danbury Conn.: Gorilla, 2002.

  The Revolutionary War: The Road to Rebellion was a useful source for me. This reference book gave information on what lead up to the Boston Massacre. The Boston Massacre happened because colonists were being ruled and taxed by British soldiers and they got extremely angry and fed up. The Stamp Act was an act were all legal and commercial documents had to have a stamp showing the tax had been paid. The Stamp Act led up to the Boston Massacre. The colonists got furious with all of the intolerable acts the British were pursuing and the Boston Massacre got their anger out.
  This source also described the scene of the Boston Massacre very well. The British had guns and the colonists had rage and clubs. Four people were killed by accident during the Massacre and it made an impact on the British. It showed the British soldiers that we, the Colonists, were not afraid to fight. Many false pictures of the Boston Massacre were created including one by Paul Revere which turned many people against British rule. Pictures showing the British soldiers killing citizens made the British look like terrible people. This was a useful source which helped me understand what the overall effect was from the Boston Massacre.

  Bober, Natalie S. Countdown to Independence. New York: Simps and Schuster, 2001.

  This was the third source I used but still gave me very helpful information. The Boston Massacre happened on March 5, 1770. Men were braiding rope at a rope making factory. They were usually unskilled citizens. A few of the men yelled at a soldier. A man told the soldier to go and clean the “shit house”. The men began to bicker and start a fight. March 5th, the day of the Massacre, was s snowy day which led to the Colonists throwing ice blocks/chunks as weapons. The fight took place on King Street, the main center square in town. People gathered and bickering continued, as well as the Colonists daring the British, or the Bloody Backs in Red Uniforms, to fight them. This book told me precisely how it everything ended. A few Colonists were shot and a few soldiers were tried for murder. They ended up free due to the good work of their lawyer, John Adams.
  This source gave me a lot of detail on the setting which was helpful.

  “Boston Massacre.” America’s Story: The Revolutionary Period. 30 Nov. 2006 .

  This was the last source I used and the most useful. This site told me about some of the people who were killed in the Boston Massacre. Some of them became heroes. The Boston Massacre was a fight between the British and the Colonists due to unreasonable taxation by the British. The tension was already high between the two sides before March 5th, when the Massacre began. The day of the fight was a snowy day and the fight happened in the late afternoon. Throughout the fight, soldiers protected the Boston Customs House and tried to prevent fighting. Colonists dared the British soldiers to fire and not to be cowards. At the end of the huge Massacre, four Colonists had been killed. The only man that was killed that became well known was Crispus Attucks, an African American sailor. He became the first hero of the American Revolution. From this helpful book I learned that the Massacre helped unite Colonists against British rule and taxation. The Colonist saw how the British were killers and could not be trusted. This event in history started as a fight and ended as a turning point in the beginning of the American Revolution. This led to the desire for American independence.

  Frame, Arthur T. “Boston Massacre.” American History Online. 2003. Facts On File. 30 Nov. 2006 .

  From this source I learned a lot about the Boston Massacre. It helped me understand the people who were there and what actually happened. The Boston Massacre was considered the first battle of the American Revolutionary War. This resulted from the Quartering Act, the Stamp Act and the Townshend Duties. These were all things enforced by British soldiers, or “Lobster Backs”. The source also told the reader about the days leading up to March 5th. It said there were several attacks of mobs before the Boston Massacre. On March 5th, citizens accused the British soldiers of things and had yelling fights. The citizens also dared the soldiers to shoot and dared them to fight. Town people threw clubs, chunks of ice and other weapons. The source explained the battle scene so well I felt like I was actually there. The source explained how a few of the people were killed. A civilian struck a soldier who fell to the ground. The soldier got up and fired his gun. Eight citizens had been hit and a few of the British soldiers were tried for murder.

  Santella, Andrew. The Boston Massacre, Cornerstone of Freedom. New York: Children’s, 2004.

  This was a very useful source. It gave lots of dates and precise information. The Boston Massacre happened on March 5th, 1770 at 8 PM. It all started when a bunch of teenage citizens were insulting the British soldiers. The teenagers were saying that a soldier owed his employer money and that there were no gentlemen in the British army. The soldier got angry and hit the teenage boy. This was the true beginning of the Boston Massacre. This book then explained how 300 – 400 people gathered in the center square area. This book also mentions some of the important people who were involved in the Massacre. Richard Palmes was an important man because he acted as a peace keeper and tried to prevent the fighting. Another important man was Captain Thomas Preston because he assured the peace keeper that the British soldiers would not shoot under his orders. The death of a few citizens happened because of a misunderstanding.

  This is my anontated bibliography. If you have any feedback, tell me!

• 3    Abby // Dec 12, 2006 at 7:30 pm

  BOSTON TEA PARTY 

  “The Boston Tea Party, 1773.” EyeWitness to History. 2002. Nov. 2006 .

  This is a good site because it shows what happened before, during, and after the Boston Tea Party and it shows an example of a colonist’s writing. Britan kept making acts to get more money after the costly French and Indian war. many acts before the tea act got the colonists very angry and they had boycotted some of the acts. They thought that the colonists would rather drink and pay the tax than not drink any tea. When three tea ships arrived, in Boston Harbor, it made the colonists mad and they had a furious reaction. The colonists told the ships to leave without the colonists paying for the tea. They refused. Later, men dressed as Mohawk Indians chanting war chants as they got onto the ships. When they got there, they dumped tea off three British ships. The colonists applauded but England was angry and later passed the Intolerable acts.

  Oleksy, Walter. The Boston Tea Party. New York: Franklin Watts, 1993.

  This source gave me a little more than the basic understanding of the Boston Tea Party. It was a good source because it told me everything I needed to know very briefly. The Boston Tea Party happened on three British ships in the Boston Harbor in December 16, 1773. The patriot colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians, dumped tea into the harbor off three British ships. Admiral John Montague, commander of the British ships, was watching this happen from the window of a house while thousands of people were watching from the docks.

  Trueit, Trudi Strain. The Boston Tea Party. New York: Cornerstones of Freedom Second Series, 2005.

  This was a detailed source on what the event was about, how it happened, and what effect it had. Those were the main ideas of this source. The colonists became very angry at Britan for taxing tea and had a lot of trouble cutting back on the amount of tea they drank. Before this act, together the colonists drank more then 1 million pounds per year. The patriots convinced the colonists to give up tea, which was their favorite drink. The colonists got angry with Britan and with cutting back on their tea. At 7:00am, 60-120 colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians boycotted British tea ships by dumping 90,000 pounds of tea. The Colonists were not coming to hurt anyone or anything; they just came to dump the tea. This act was viewed a courageous act. The only person who was arrested for dumping the tea was Eckley but he was later released for lack of evidence.

• 4    Connor // Dec 12, 2006 at 10:19 pm

  BOSTON TEA PARTY Works Cited Connor Spotts
  Bibliography Research 7-04
  12/8/06

  “Announcement of the Boston Tea Party.” The Library of Congress. 29 Nov. 2006.

  This web site was very helpful. The information that I got from this source was about what had happened during the Boston Tea Party. The web site is an article from the Boston Gazette. The article explained what type of people, a bit about why they were involved, and the men dumping tea into the harbor.
   

  “Coercive Acts.” Encypoledia of American History: Revolution and New Nation, 1761 to 1812, Vol. 3. American History Online. 2 Dec. 2006 .
  

  This web site helped me answer the question “What Effect Did It Have?” The web site explained how the Boston Tea Party had an effect on what the British government did to stop the colonists from acting out of line. It also explained what the Coercive Acts were, and why they were necessary.
   

  Oleksy, Walter. The Boston Tea Party. New York: Franklin Watts, 1993.

  This book helped me answer the question, “who?” The book explained Thomas Hutchinson’s opinion before the Boston Tea Party, and how he was against the Boston Tea Party. It also explained that he wanted the ships tea to be unloaded, NOT thrown into the harbor.
   

  Trueit, Trudi Strain. The Boston Tea Party. New York: Scholastic, 2005.

  This source helped my research project. The information that I got from this book was about Samuel Adams. The book explained his actions before the Boston Tea Party, and his help toward the Boston Tea Party. It also included how Samuel Adams influenced nearly every aspect of the colonies struggle against British rule before the American Revolution.

• 5    Tolani // Dec 13, 2006 at 8:59 am

  LEXINGTON and CONCORD Annotated Bibliography

  Arnold, James and Roberta Wiener. The Revolutionary War Volume 2 The Shot Heard
  Around the World. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Education, 2001.

  This source gave me a lot of information on Lexington and Concord. I learned that
  the cause of this event was Minister North compared taxes in England to America. He stated that the average tax in England was 50 times higher then in America. Then Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts as a result of the tea party. Also British force would march in and out from the city. This took patriot leaders by surprise. Massachusetts Provincial Congress would be ready if this happed again. Whenever a British force left Boston, the militia would be called out. So General Gage (governor of MA) was to enforce the Acts of Parliament, also Massachusetts militia had stored there weapons and supplies in Concord. So he organized a force to march to Lexington and then to Concord. The soldier’s mission was to capture the weapons and supplies. I also learned that it is important because it was the first battle of the American Revolution. I learned who was involved in this event. This source gave a lot of useful information on my topic.

  Purcell, Edward, and Sarah Purcell. “Battle of Lexington and Concord.” American History Online. 2000. Facts On File. 30 Nov. 2006 .
  This source gave me a lot of information that I already knew but I learned some new things. I learned that this event happened on April 19, 1775. I learned that Major Pitcairn ordered the Americans to disperse but someone miss heard and fired a shot and a junior British officer shouted a command to open fire. By the time Pitcairn regained control of his men, 8 Americans were dead and 10 were wounded. I learned that the revolution had begun with this small engagement. After this, more troops started to arrive and this broke out into a battle. I learned that 72 redcoats died. I also learned that if the militiamen had been more organized and better trained as marksmen, the red coats would have suffered far worse. 49 Americans were killed and 46 were wounded.

  The Revolutionaries. Alexandria: Time Life, 1996.

  This source told me where Samuel Adams and John Hancock were hiding out. They were hiding out in the home of Reverend Jonas Clarke, because they heard that they were faced for arrest in Boston. On April 19, Paul Revere told them about the arrest. Hancock then polished his sword and cleaned his pistol, then Samuel Adams slapped him on the shoulder and said “Fighting is not our business. We belong to the Cabinet.” Then John Hancock said “If I had my musket, I would never turn my back on the troops.” Then they went to Woburn (now Burlington).

  Collier, Christopher, and James Lincoln Collier. The American Revolution. New York: Benchmark, 1998.
  I learned new things from this source that I didn’t know. It helped me to understand who were the massagers and where were they going. Paul Revere was on his way to Concord when he was captured by some British officers. Then Samuel Prescott was on his way. There were also some things that I already learned.
   

  Minks, Benton, and Louise Minks. Revolutionary War. New York: Facts on File, 2003.

  This source many told about me about Paul Revere. It told me about his life and what he did in the war. During the war he created a secret gunpowder mix. It told me that he was a silversmith, inventor and he was an important leader. His role was to ride to Lexington and concord to spread the alarm if the British began to move in that direction. In case he was unable to get across, he would have some one else send a signal using lanterns in steeple of Old North Church in Boston.

• 6    charles // Dec 17, 2006 at 11:13 am

  Works Cited
  Gilje, Paul. “Boston Massacre.” Encyclopedia of America History. 2003.

  In this encyclopedia I found many things useful and it told me what I needed. It told me why it was important and what it was about, and many other things I did not need to know. The massacre was important because after the British policies diminished within the years. Reducing tension in the town. The massacre was used as propaganda by anti-British. The crowds of protesters that gather about the custom house were taunting the British solders until someone fired and the British killed 6 people.
  Santella, Andrew. The Boston Massacre. New York: Children’s, 2004.

  In this source I found how it started and who witnessed the massacre but I did not find that much information in the book. Richard Palmes tried to act as a piece maker, urging Preston not to shoot. The crowd wanted a fight, someone in the crowd threw a club at Private Montgomery, stunned and hurt, and he fell to the ground. He rose and fired his weapon and solders followed him.
  Schmittroth, Linda. American Revolution Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2000. In this source I found who was involved, what came before to trigger it, and the effect of the massacre. I found that this source had a good amount of things I could use but some things I did not need. Before the massacre the British army, came to protect the customs. The governor at the time, Bernard, was not able to quell the rioting. In august 1771 he was recalled to London. Tomas Hutchison then took over but was not permanent until later that year. The British solders, 29th regiment, and the colonist mod were all part of the massacre. The effect was that English Parliament was so shocked that they took away the Townsend act in April 1770.
  Williams, Crystal. “Boston Massacre.” American History Online. Facts On File. 30 Nov. 2006 .
  I did not find this site very use full except I gave great detail on when and where the massacre took place. It was March 5, 1770 and it took place in front of the customs h

• 7    Keaton // Dec 18, 2006 at 10:05 am

  here’s mine

  Works Cited
  Keaton Britt
  Hakim, Joy. From Colonies to Country. New York: Oxford UP, 1993.
  This source was very helpful in my research for Paul Revere. It was helpful because it gave me a lot of information about who was involved in the midnight ride. It also told me what happened, when they took place, and where they happened. It also gave me an idea of what kind of things were going on when it happened.

  Minks, Benton, and Louise Minks. Revolutionary War. N.p.: Facts on File, 2003.
  This source was an ok source for researching my topic. It told me awho was involved and who put it into action. It also told me about where the riders went but it didn’t have very much more than that.

  “Paul Revere.” American Revolution. 2nd ed. 2000.
  This source was one of the best sources that I found in my research. It gave me information on who was in it, what caused it, where it happened, when it happened. It also gave me information on what resulted from the midnight ride, and how significant it was. Overall, I would use this source for any paper I was writing about Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride.

  “The Real Story of Revere’s Ride.” Paul Revere House. Paul Revere Memorial Ass. 29 Nov. 2006 .
  This source was very reliable and gave me the story of what really happened on the night of Revere’s famous ride. It gave the information and background details that I needed to get the sense of what was going on when it happened. This was also a good source for a paper.

• 8    Ben // Jan 8, 2007 at 6:27 pm

  Ben Hart
  American History
  12/8/06
  Works Cited on the Battle of Bunker Hill

  Bigelow, Barbara, and Linda Schmittroh. “The Battle of Bunker Hill.” American Revolution Almanac. Stacy A. McConnel ed. 2000.
  This source was very helpful in finding facts on the Battle of Bunker Hill. It included important information on what went on what happened in the battle and how. During the battle there were 1000 American militiamen and about 2000 British soldiers. By the end of the war there were only 140 militia deaths and 1150 British soldiers wounded. This source was very helpful in telling me this important statistical information.

  Chadwich, Bruce. The First American Army. Naperville: Sourcebooks Inc., 2005.
  When using this source I found it very helpful in telling me who witnessed the historical event. It told me about key people in the battle including Gen Thomas Gage, Gen Warren, Gen William Howe, and Gen Israel Putnam. This source gave in depth descriptions about what happened to these people, and told me about what key witnesses observed in the Battle and gave me a new way to view the Battle. This source was also very useful in telling me what the Americans did before the battle (like building trenches) and what occurred after the Battle.

  “The Decisive Day is Come, the Battle of Bunker Hill.” The Massachusetts Historical Society. Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati. 14 Nov. 2006 .
  This is the best resource I used. It included vital information in where and when, why, what, and how it happened. I learned that it took on Breed’s Hill on June 17, 1775 on a clear, sunny day. Some of its very best information told me about the events leading up to the war and what the Americans did to fortify there position. It also included important letters written by witnesses about the battle that gave me a better view on what took place at Breeds Hill.

  “William Howe.” Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.
  Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2006. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC

  This source was not a great source for the Battle of Bunker Hill but included some good names and important information on the American Revolution. I would have used this source if it included more information on the Battle of Bunker Hill and included more detail of events places and other useful information. I would not suggest using this source for a research project on Bunker Hill.

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